THE HOLY BIBLE (Darby Translation) Darby's Notes on Revelation

1:1b place: Aorist, lit. 'have taken place,' perhaps 'be accomplished.'
1:1c signified: * Lit. 'made known by signs.'
1:3d words: Logos, as throughout this book, save ch. 17:17, rhema. See Note at John 17:14.
1:4e, 1:8e come: It is not 'about to come,' for the act of the Lord's coming is not immediately before the mind. I will not say there is no allusion to the future awaited exercise of divine power; for in Daniel, not only is the Son of man brought before the Ancient of days, but the Ancient of days comes. In the words 'who is, and was, and is to come,' there is surely reference to the abiding nature of his being. 'Who is to come' seems to me thus to render more truly the sense than any other form of words. The Greek has the future sense. See Mark 10:30, Luke 18:30; and Mark 11:10 partly runs into this sense. 'The coming one' became a name of the expected Messiah, as in Matt. 11:3, and in Heb. 10:37. But note, 'essential being' is put first, 'who is;' and then 'time past, and to come.' 'Who is' asserts the essential nature of his being.
1:5f from: Lit. 'of the dead.'
1:6g made: Lit. 'he has made.' 'Loves' and 'has washed' are participles.
1:7h which: Hostis: as Matt. 7:24.
1:7i land: Or 'earth.' See Note at Matt. 5:5.
1:8k Omega: Alpha and Omega are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet.
1:8l God: 'Jehovah Elohim,' as Luke 1:32; see chs. 4:8; 15:3; 18:8; 21:22; 22:5, 6.
1:8m Almighty: 'The Almighty' always has the article in Greek in the Revelation.
1:9n patience: Hupomone, 'endurance:' see Jas. 5:7; so chs. 2:2, 3, 19; 13:10; 14:12. The words 'tribulation,' 'kingdom,' 'patience' are intimately connected, being brought together under one head by one article in the Greek.
1:9o was: Ginomai: see John 1:17. His being there was an event which happened on account of the word of God. So 'became,' ver. 10.
1:10p Spirit: 'In the Spirit' is a state into which he entered. See Note c, Matt. 3:11.
1:10a day: The 'dominical' or 'lordly' day -- characterized by belonging to the Lord, as 'Lord's,' 1Cor. 11:20.
1:11b write, send: Aorist, 'have it written and sent:' it is to be a complete thing done.
1:12c lamps: Or 'lampstands' (luchnia) but simply here, I think, 'lamps' as compared with Heb. 9:2, where it is clearly the 'candlestick' or 'lampstand.' If luchnos and luchnia are distinguished, luchnia is the stand. The words are so distinguished in Matt. 5:15, Luke 8:16; 11:33.
1:13d the: Or 'a Son of man.' See Dan. 7:13, also without the article. It is not likeness to a person John knew, but to the character known by this title in scripture. To have seen angels in heaven would have been no wonder, but to see one as 'Son of man' was. This chapter corresponds to Dan. 7: only now he was seen on earth. It was the title the Lord habitually took. This made it personal; but in Daniel, though surely the same person, it was characteristic. Here, too, it is characteristic. Still the person designated is now known, and it is difficult to say 'a Son of man,' because of excluding this. 'Son-of-man-like' is feeble, it might only mean a manner: see ch. 14:14.
1:15e fine: Or 'shining.'
1:18f became: Ginomai: see John 1:17. Became what he was not before.
1:18g hades: Hades: see Note, Matt. 11:23.
1:19h are: The first 'are' is plural; 'are about to' is singular.
1:20i angels: The word has also the sense of 'messengers:' see Note e, ch. 2:20.
2:8a became: See Note f, ch. 1:18.
2:8b lived: That is, after having died: see chs. 1:17, 18; 13:14; Matt. 9:18; Rom. 14:9.
2:11c wise: A strong negative.
2:18d fine: Or 'shining.'
2:20e woman: Some read 'thy wife,' alluding doubtless to Jezebel's connexion with responsible Ahab. And that is the meaning I believe of 'angel;' the symbolical representative of the assembly seen in those responsible in it, which indeed all really are. Hence 'thee,' and 'to you,' 'to you each,' and 'the rest.'
2:20f servants: Or 'bondmen,' as ch. 1:1.
2:23g know: Ginosko: chs. 2:23, 24; 3:3, 9; elsewhere Oida in this book: see 1Cor. 8:1.
2:24a who: 'Such as.'
2:24b known: See Note, ver. 23.
3:2c Be: Ginomai. Lit. 'become so.'
3:2d are: The imperfect tense. I translate 'are,' because 'were' supposes they are no longer 'about to die,' which is contrary to the passage. Perhaps 'have been' may be used. It refers to what they were found to be when he strengthened them. The point of departure of thought is not the writer's when writing, but the strengthener's when strengthening.
3:3e, 3:9e know: See Note, ch. 2:23.
3:7f open: Some authorities read 'opens.'
3:8g set, 3:9g make: Lit. 'give' or 'have given' (ver. 8) and 'give' (ver. 9).
3:9h homage: Proskuneo, see Matt. 4:10. This is the word translated 'do homage' or 'worship' throughout Revelation.
3:10i patience: Hupomone;, 'endurance:' see ch. 1:9 and Note f, Jas. 5:7.
3:12a temple: Naos, the house itself (or the inner shrine): see 1Cor. 9:13.
3:18b buy, be, clothed, manifest: All aorists, having the force of an accomplished fact, 'mayest have become,' 'have got into that state.'
3:19c love: Phileo: see Note b, John 21:15.
3:20d stand: Meaning 'I have placed myself there and am standing:' see John 1:26.
4:3e, 4:4e round, 4:6e around: I use 'round' for what is connected with anything (not necessarily united to it) as a centre, as the tire of a wheel, but 'around' is used for detached objects encircling.
4:5f lamps: Lampas: only here and ch. 8:10 where the word is translated 'torch.' Not the lamp as a utensil (luchnia, ch. 1:13), but what furnished the light itself
4:8a creatures: See Isa. 6:2, 3.
4:8b round: I judge that Ezek. 10:12 shows that 'round' belongs to the eyes.
4:8c not: I prefer 'cease not' to 'have no rest,' because in English 'having no rest' means constant fatigue. The Greek here means 'no intermission of action.'
4:8d God: See Note l, ch. 1:8.
4:8e was: On the throne, 'who was' comes first. It is in time: see Note, ch. 1:4.
4:10f homage: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
5:1g, 5:7g sat: Or 'that sits.' It is the present tense, and is really a title, 'the sitter on the throne.'
5:6h Lamb: Arnion: a diminutive, used throughout Revelation: as John 21:15.
5:8i having: 'Having' refers strictly only to 'elders.'
5:9k redeemed: Or 'bought,' as ch. 14:3, 4.
5:10l kings: Some authorities here read 'a kingdom,' as in ch. 1:6, but it is rather here a title or name.
5:11m around: See Note, ch. 4:3.
5:14a homage: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
6:1b, 6:3b, 6:5b, 6:7b see: The words 'and see' here and vers. 3, 5, 7, are very doubtful and probably added in some MSS.
6:2c, 6:4c given: Or 'had been given to him.' It is not expressive of a particular time. He had one which was given him. It is the aorist, as 'went forth.'
6:4d take, slay: Aorist tense, see Note, ver. 2.
6:8e hades: See Note, Matt. 11:23.
6:8f earth: See Ezek. 14:21.
6:10g long: Lit. 'Until when.'
6:10h Ruler: Despotes, translated 'Lord' in Acts 4:24. Here, 'Sovereign Ruler.'
6:16a Fall, hidden: The aorist.
7:3b bondmen: Doulos: as chs. 2:20; 10:7; 11:18; 15:3; 19:2, 5; 22:3, 6.
7:11c worshipped: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
7:14d washed, made: Aorists.
7:15e serve: Latreuo, 'priestly service,' as Luke 2:37, Heb. 12:28.
7:16f more: See Isa. 49:10.
8:1a was: Ginomai: It took place then.
8:4b with: There is no Greek preposition here for 'with;' the sense is 'associated with and giving its efficacy to,' according to ver. 3.
8:5c on, 8:7c upon, 8:8c into, 9:3c on: Or 'to,' eis, Matt. 12:20.
8:7d were: Or 'it was.'
8:10e upon: Epi, as ch. 16:2.
9:1f to: Eis, as 'on,' ch. 8:5.
9:2g it: i.e. the star.
9:4a who: Such as had this character. Hostis: as Matt. 7:24.
9:10b power: Exousia, authority, title, to do it: see Matt. 10:1.
9:11c Abaddon: Destruction: see Job 26:6; 28:22.
9:11d Apollyon: i.e. Destroyer.
9:12e passed: Perhaps 'has passed away.'
9:18f men: Or 'of the men.'
9:19g power: Exousia: see ver. 10.
9:20h worship: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
10:3i uttered: Lit. 'spoke.'
10:7a about: Or 'when he shall sound.' I have translated literally; but the sense I believe to be 'when he shall sound, as he is about to do.'
10:7b completed: Aorist, 'will have been.' But in the Revelation the aorist is almost everywhere used where other tenses might be put. Such evident Hebraisms are incessant.
10:11c said: Lit. 'they say:' see Note b, Luke 6:38.
11:1d staff: Or 'rod.'
11:1e temple: Naos: see ch. 3:12.
11:1f worship: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
11:6g power: As ch. 9:10.
11:8h which: Hostis, as Matt. 7:24.
11:11a spirit: Or 'breath.'
11:13b were: Ginomai: aorist. It then took place: 'they became;' but this has too much the sense of continuance. 'Were' gives the sense.
11:14c passed: See ch. 9:12.
11:15d come: Ginomai: aorist. Has now taken place, begun to be.
11:16e sit: Or 'who sat.' It is characteristic, without reference to time, save as he had seen them (ch. 4:4); 'the sitters on thrones.' I put only 'sit,' because the scene is present, though the actions follow one another.
11:16f worshipped: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
11:17g was: Note the omission of 'who is to come' here, as bearing on the force of that expression: see ch. 1:4.
11:18h servants: Or 'bondmen,' as ch. 7:3.
11:18i destroy: Or 'corrupt.' See 1Cor. 3:17. Here it is to 'destroy utterly.'
11:19k opened: Or 'and the temple of God was opened in the heaven.'
12:7a was: It took place then, as ch. 11:15.
12:7b war: Lit. 'to go to war,' i.e. infinitive.
12:7c fought: Same word (not mood) as 'went to war,' but this is the attack. Hence I have said 'fought.' They tried to hold their ground, did not flee.
12:9d Satan: Lit. 'the Satan' ('adversary'): see Job 1:6.
12:10e come: Has taken place, is set up, ginomai.
13:4f homage: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
13:5g career: Poieo: see Rom. 1:32. Or 'to work,' or 'act,' 'practised and prospered' is said in Dan. 8:12, 24.
13:6a tabernacle: Or 'his dwelling, and those who dwell.'
13:7b make, overcome: Aorist: it is viewed as a finished act.
13:8c, 13:12c, 13:15c homage: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
13:8d world: Kosmos: here and chs. 11:15; 17:8.
14:6a settled: Lit. 'sitting down,' as Matt. 4:16, not 'dwelling,' as ch. 3:10.
14:7b, 14:9b, 14:11b homage: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
14:14c man: As ch. 1:13.
14:15d dried: As Matt. 13:6; Jas. 1:11, 'wither.' It is more than 'become ripe.' A different word is used at the end of ver. 18, meaning 'in full harvest.'
15:1e completed: Aorist.
15:3a God: See Note l, ch. 1:8.
15:4b holy: Hosios, not hagios. It is used for mercy, grace, and of Christ, as the One in whom all gracious qualities are concentrated. (Ps. 89:1, 2, 19.) In men it means piety and uprightness. Chesed is so translated in the Old Testament. It is in general the sum of qualities which suit and form the divine character in man, as opposed to the human will: what God gives as consistent with himself, his character, and promise. The 'sure mercies' of David is expressed by this word in the LXX, Isa. 55:3; Acts 13:34. God alone possesses the qualities which entitle him to worship as a pious man would understand it. Hosios is used in this general way for 'holy:' see Note i, Heb. 7:26.
15:4c homage: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
15:4d righteousnesses: See Note, ch. 19:8.
15:5e, 15:6e temple: Naos: see ch. 3:12.
16:1f upon: Eis. As 'on,' ch. 8:5.
16:2g upon: Epi, refers to actual place.
16:2h worshipped: Or 'did homage to:' see ch. 3:9.
16:3i, 16:4i became: Or 'there was blood.' Ginomai: see John 1:17. Strictly 'and there was,' or 'came to be,' 'blood.' But I apprehend 'it' (ver. 3) and 'they' (ver. 4) are the sense, in spite of accuracy of grammar: blood took place as a consequence in what is spoken of. The sense is more striking as it stands in Greek considered as a vision. What he saw took that character.
16:3k soul: Lit. 'every soul of life:' a Hebraism.
16:5l one: Hosios: see Note b, ch. 15:4.
16:17a heaven: Many authorities omit the words 'of the heaven.'
16:17b done: Or 'it is over, past.' Ginomai: perfect tense.
16:18c were, 16:18c, 16:19c was: Lit. 'began to be.' Ginomai: aorists.
17:4d of: Lit. 'was made golden with:' so ch. 18:16.
17:4e her: Possibly, 'of the fornication of the earth.'
17:8a present: Or 'shall come.'
17:9b, 17:13b mind: Nous, ver. 9 and ch. 13:18, understanding: see Note 1Cor. 1:5. Gnome in vers. 13, 17 only; the mind expressed; as 'opinion,' 1Cor. 1:10; 7:25.
17:10c kings: Or '... sits, and are seven kings.'
17:17d do, act: 'Do' and 'act' they poieo: see Rom. 1:32.
17:17e mind: See Note b, ver. 9.
18:2f hold: Or 'prison,' where they are confined.
18:5g another: Lit. 'joined together.'
18:6h double: Some authorities omit 'to her,' in which case we must say 'and double twofold according to her works.'
18:8a God: See Note l, ch. 1:8.
18:11b lading: Or 'merchandise.'
18:13c amomum: A spice-plant.
18:14d lust: Lit. 'ripe fruit of the lust.'
18:17e place: To any particular place; as we say now, chartered for such or such a place, or sailing to the place.
19:1f multitude: Or 'crowd' of people.
19:2a which: Of such a character, see Matt. 7:24.
19:4b, 19:10b homage, 19:10b to: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
19:4c sits: See Note, ch. 5:7.
19:6d crowd: Or 'crowd' of people.
19:8e righteousnesses: Dikaioma: see Rom. 1:32. In Hebrew the plural of acts expressing a quality is used for the abstract quality itself. This may be the case, by analogy, here. See Ps. 11:7, where, in Hebrew, it is 'righteousnesses,' but it is actual, not imputed, righteousness.
19:13f Word: Logos: see John 1:1.
19:17g an: Lit. 'one.'
19:20a received: I do not say 'had received' here, because then the deceiving would come after the receiving, which is not the sense.
19:20b worship: Or 'do homage to.' As ch. 3:9.
20:2c Satan: Lit. 'the Satan.' The adversary: see ch. 12:9.
20:4d sat: In Daniel no one was seen sitting on them.
20:4e who: Hostis, as Matt. 7:24.
20:4f homage: See Note h, ch. 3:9.
20:4g hand: Or 'on the forehead, and on their hand.'
20:6h power: Exousia, right or title; by adding 'over' we get the full sense.
20:7i Satan: See Note c, ver. 2.
20:8k war: Or 'to war.'
20:13l hades: See ch. 1:18.
20:14a fire: Or 'This second death is the lake of fire.'
21:6b done: Perhaps 'They are fulfilled.'
21:11c shining: 'Lightbearer' (used for heavenly luminaries), but here it would seem in general 'brightness' or 'shining.' 'She was the lightbearer,' 'she as a lightbearer was.' Elsewhere used only Phil. 2:15.
21:22a, 22:5a, 22:6a God: See Note l, ch. 1:8.
22:3b more: The sense is, none shall exist any more.
22:3c servants: Or 'bondmen,' as ch. 7:3.
22:3d serve: Latreuo, as ch. 7:15.
22:8e homage, 22:9e to: Or 'worship,' as ch. 3:9.
22:14a may: See Note c, Gal. 2:4.
22:15b the: The article is characteristic, I think, here by force of contrast.
22:19c which: Or 'the things which.'

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