Easton's Bible Dictionary: M. G. Easton, M.A., D.D.
(Heb.
kahal), the Hebrew people collectively as a holy community (
Num. 15:15). Every circumcised Hebrew from twenty years old and upward was a member of the congregation. Strangers resident in the land, if circumcised, were, with certain exceptions (
Ex. 12:19; Num. 9:14; Dt. 23:1-3), admitted to the privileges of citizenship, and spoken of as members of the congregation (
Ex. 12:19; Num. 9:14, 15:15). The congregation were summonded together by the sound of two silver trumpets, and they met at the door of the tabernacle (
Num. 10:3). These assemblies were convened for the purpose of engaging in solemn religious services (
Ex. 12:27; Num. 25:6; Joel 2:15), or of receiving new commandments (
Ex. 19:7, 8). The elders, who were summonded by the sound of one trumpet (
Num. 10:4), represented on various occasions the whole congregation (
Ex. 3:16, 12:21, 17:5, 24:1).
After the conquest of Canaan, the people were assembled only on occasions of the highest national importance (Judg. 20; 2 Chr. 30:5, 34:29; 1 Sam. 10:17; 2 Sam. 5:1-5; 1 Ki. 12:20; 2 Ki. 11:19, 21:24, 23:30). In subsequent times the congregation was represented by the Sanhedrim; and the name synagogue, applied in the Septuagint version exclusively to the congregation, came to be used to denote the places of worship established by the Jews.
In Acts 13:43, where alone it occurs in the New Testament, it is the same word as that rendered "synagogue" (q.v.) in ver. 42, and is so rendered in ver. 43 in R.V.